Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
The surgery used to correct the congenital and acquired abnormalities of the skull, face, and jaws is called as Craniofacial surgery.The condition is that, it usually affects the bones and soft tissues of the head and face in the child’s body. These defects are treated by craniofacial surgeons. The surgery to relieve and restore the shape of the head is the treatment involved in craniofacial surgery. Some craniosynostosis defects are due to hereditary disorders such as Apert and Crouzon disorder, others disorders like Cleft lip and palate. The surgery is a multiple specialty of Plastic, Oral and maxillofacial and Head & neck surgery and deformities in the face, skull, and jaws.
The very early stage of human development is the formation of head and neck .The Embryologic process of head and neck development gives rise to the structure & the anatomy of the Craniofacial Membrane. It forms under three main layers namely Ectoderm, Endoderm and Mesoderm. During the early stage of growth, the cranium bones are separated by the sutures. The sutures of the infant skull will be wide and have a large separation between the bones. Without any restriction, these sutures allow the brain to grow. The bony plates fuse together as the brain growth occurs. The Development of Human Facial features is based on the first branchial arch and Mesenchyme ventral to the forebrain. The formation of face and head is due to the bony skeleton. Any abnormalities in the bony skeleton leads to the craniofacial problems. The correction of these problems leads to the surgery called as Craniofacial surgery.
The early fusion of two or more bones of the skull is called as synostosis or Craniosynostosis. It usually interferes with normal growth of the brain and skull. A variety of surgical procedures can be used for Craniosynostosis. It can be treated by surgery to create space for growth of the brain that is opened to fused sutures. The treatment to correct this surgical disorder is called as Craniosynostosis repair. It is usually observed by the abnormal head shape of an individual. The surgery involves in the separation of fused bones. After the surgery is done, the brain has a enough space to grow and develop.
The specialty of dentistry that deals with the oral and maxillofacial region is called as Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery. The surgery deals with the diagnosis and treatment on the functional and esthetic aspects of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. This type of surgery is an internationally recognized surgical specialty. The training in both medicine and dentistry enables oral & maxillofacial surgeons to diagnose the treatment.
A surgical procedure used to expose the brain where the part of the bone is removed from the skull is called as Craniotomy. To remove the section of the bone, some of the specialized tools used called as Bone Flap. It is being temporarily removed and replaced after the surgery is being done. In case if the bone flap is not being removed, then the condition is said to be Craniectomy. The surgery may be small or large depending on the problem. Craniotomy is used to cure skull fractures, any foreign objects like bullets, swelling of brain, hematomas, arterovenous malformations and brain tumors. There are two types of Craniotomies depending on their size and complexity. Burr holes or keyhole craniotomies are small-sized craniotomies. These small sized craniotomies are minimally invasive procedures. Skull base surgery are large sized and complex craniotomies. Reconstruction of skull base is often perfomed by the surgery. Craniotomy is mainly performed by Neurosurgeon. In case of any complexity a team of oculoplastic, otologic, head and neck and reconstructive surgeons may work with the neurosurgeon.The surgery process takes nearly 3-5 hours or longer depending on the complexity.
Skull Base Surgery is used to repair congenital anomalies and malformations.Skull base surgery is used to evaluate,diagnose and treat benign or cancerous growths located on the underside of the brain which is highly specialized, minimally invasive surgical technique where it is located on the skull base and the upper vertebrae of the spinal column. The surgery is highly advantageous that it can be cured in short recovery time. The surgeons of the skull base surgery use some special instruments inserted through the skull openings.The benefits of this surgery are the less risk of infection, damage to the cerebral structures and nerves will also be less.
The maxillofacial cracks which are experienced the midface are the Orbital floor fractures. When there are disruptions on the walls or floor, Orbital floor fractures have occurred The bone fragments with torn periosteum are pushed outside of the original bony orbit and hence it is a blow out type fracture. Autografts are the highest level of quality to redo maxillofacial deformities and with the patient’”s own bone. The first use of bone union calvaria (GBC) was reported in 1670.
The surgery to fix birth defects of the upper lip and the roof of the mouth(palate) is the cleft lip and palate surgery. The abnormality in the formation of the upper lip is the cleft lip and the incompleteness of the roof of the mouth is the Orofacial cleft. These two defects may occur at the same time.One of the most common congenital deformities is the unilateral cleft lip. Out of every 1,000 babies born in the year 1 or 2 affect from this type of disorder. A surgical procedure to correct a groove-like defect in the lip is termed as Cleft lip repair or cheiloplasty. The rotation advancement repair is a common type of cleft lip repair that occurs and this type of disorder is treated between three to six month of age. The type of severity and deformity differs for each surgical procedure. After the cleft surgery the patient can be able to eat, speak, hear ,breathe, and regain a normal function and appearance of a normal person.
A branch of surgery that deals with repairing or reconstructing the parts of the body by tissue replacement is called as Plastic Surgery. The term Plastic Surgery is derived from the greek word plastikos meaning “to mold” or “to form”. The surgery is done either for injury treatment purposes or for the cosmetic purposes. The surgery improves the appearance of the body parts.The reformation of the body may be due to the birth disorders, burns, trauma or any kind of diseases. Microsurgery, craniofacial surgery, hand surgery are some of the types of Plastic surgery. Some psychoactive drugs are used for the surgery. It focuses on careful evaluation of defects and to improve the uniform and natural resemblance of the tissue which is being repaired. The successful clinical application of advances in tissue engineering, gene therapy and nanotechnology is done with many new techniques of Plastic surgery. Plastic Surgery is also called as Reconstructive Surgery.
The upper and lower eyelids controls the shape of the eye. The surgery that can fix eyelids which sag due to sun damage, prior eyelid surgery, aging, or paralysis is referred as Canthopexy(Tarsorrhaphy). It is also called as Lower eyelid suspension surgery. The surgery will tighten and raise the lower eyelids. To strengthen the lower eyelid and the tissues to the outer corner of the eye (canthus parallel) is the main aim of this lower eyelid surgery.The space between framing the upper and lower eyelids is called as the palpebral slit. General anaesthesia is given for Canthopexy treatment. The treatment can remove the under eye bags, refresh, and rejuvenate the face of the patient. Cosmetic canthoplasty is the term used for cosmetic surgery for the upper eyelids which is also called as blepharoplasty. It removes the fatty tissues in the lower lids and excess skin under the eye. The main goal of canthopexy treatment is to create a younger look and attractive appearance.
The oldest medical and surgical specialty in the United States is Otolaryngology. It deals with the treatment of diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat (ENT) with its diagnosis and management of the head and neck, sinuses, larynx (voice box), oral cavity, and upper pharynx (mouth and throat). The physicias trained in the Otolaryngology are called as Otolaryngologists.They are also called as ENT specialists. Pediatric otolaryngology, rhinology, laryngology, neurotology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery are some of the Subspecialty areas within otolaryngology.
The morphology of the human face which adds to facial asthetics is the chin. There are several surgical procedures that can be done for the treatment of chin deformities.The adjustment of can be done through Osseous genioplasty which gives a huge difference in the structure of the face. It has a low risk of complications and it is a stable procedure for the surgery to be done. When Osseous genioplasty combines with other asthetic procedure, the process of rhinoplasty and rhytidectomy can be done. The main two methods of chin augmentation are alloplastic chin implants and sliding genioplasty.Osteotomy is a slice through the bone of the jaw is done by a technique called as Sliding Genioplasty. The malposition of the bone can be repaired by genioplasty. To secure the jaw in its new position a little plate is produced by titanium is used. Post genioplastic surgery can swell up to two weeks or longer but the surgery is permanent, as the face bones fuses into its new position.
The application of skin treatments include Esthetics, which is to maintain the health and vitality of the skin. Skin care specialist are called as Estheticians. They are well trained in their skin wellness, gives youthful complexion and balances the oil and moisture level. They commonly perform on the facial treatments and body treatments such as salt or sugar scrubs, moistures body wraps, removal of hair such as waxing or threading, and to rejuvenate the skin hand or foot treatment is performed.
To protect skin from environmental hazards and combat fine lines, wrinkles, dull, uneven skin tone many products and treatments are used . The specialist are skilled in treating acne, rosacea, eczema, and dry skin. The treatments for skin care are relaxing and rejuvenating.
Some Chemotherapeutic agents are cytotoxic in nature by interfering with cell division. Apoptosis is initiated if cell death occurs. The best way to damage or stress cells is chemotherapy which leads to cell death. Side effects of chemotherapy occurs where the healthy cells are damaged and thus sensitive to anti-mitotic drugs. The main type of chemotherapy is to destroy cancer cells with also causes side effects. Chemotherapy works on active cells i.e the cancer cells. These active cells grow, multiply and divide into many type of cancer cells. These cells grow in hair follicles, blood, mouth and digestive system. When chemotherapy damages healthy cells, side effect occurs. The most common side-effects of chemotherapy includes mucositis and alopecia.To improve the life of the patient, palliative care should be given.
A lot of procedures comes under Cosmetic Surgery. The surgery gives its own advantages and disadvantages. Lipoplasty or liposuction the most popular cosmetic surgery procedure .A large amount of body fat can be reduced in a matter of hours is the main advantage of liposuction. The patient maintains a healthier lifestyle. If the weight is gained after undergoing liposuction, the risk of fat injections and dimpling of skin may occur to fix the problem. The body may take a long time to adjust with the new weight and suffer from chills.
Another cosmetic procedures is Facelifts. A proper face lift can take nearly 10-20 years. However, it requires only few weeks for its recovery time. After the surgery the face will be swollen and bruised.
Inheritance is autosomal dominant. The cause of inheritance is due to the multiple mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene, FGFR2. The anterior positioning of the greater wing of the sphenoid is due to exorbitism. The shortening of the orbit is due the middle cranial fossa which is displaced anteriorly. Foreshortened of maxilla causes reduction of the orbit. Thus these changes result in the reduction of orbital volume and results in exorbitism. Completion of lid does not occur in severe cases. Thus the final step of the congenital sydrome will be the rehabilitation of patients with the repair of congenital, acquired, accidental, and neoplastic defects.